The EU's trade defence system is based on the rules of the World Trade Organisation which allows its members to address unfair practices from exporting countries – such as dumping or subsidies – with the aim of creating a level playing field.

As Doha development talks are stalled, the Commission has decided to modernise the functioning of the EU trade defence instruments (TDIs) and it has put forward proposals to modify the two basic anti-dumping and anti-subsidy regulations. Given the diversity and divergence of interests involved – from EU producers who suffer the effects of dumped/subsidised goods to EU importers who benefit from cheaper goods – the Commission has proposed modifications in an attempt to please all parties.